What Is NAT? (Network Address Translation Explained)

by Priya Nakamura Updated Apr 12, 2026

NAT (Network Address Translation) is a router function that allows multiple devices on your home network to share a single public IP address. Without NAT, every device would need its own public IP.

How NAT Works

Your ISP gives you one public IP address. Your router uses NAT to assign private IPs (like 192.168.1.x) to each device internally, then translates between private and public addresses when devices access the internet.

NAT Types

There are different NAT types that affect how accessible your network is from the outside. Open NAT (Type 1) allows all connections, Moderate (Type 2) is standard, and Strict (Type 3) blocks incoming connections. Gamers often want Open or Moderate NAT for the best online experience.

Related Guides

Video Tutorial

For more information, see Cloudflare Learning Center.

Pro Tip: DNS is often called the phonebook of the internet. Switching to a faster DNS can improve your perceived internet speed significantly.

Key Takeaways

Private IPs (192.168.x.x, 10.x.x.x) are used inside your home network
DNS translates domain names to IP addresses
DHCP automatically assigns IPs so you don't have to
Your default gateway is your router's IP address

Frequently Asked Questions

What is NAT on a router?

NAT translates between your private network addresses and your public internet address, allowing multiple devices to share one internet connection.

Does NAT affect gaming?

Yes. Strict NAT can prevent you from joining game lobbies or using voice chat. Port forwarding or UPnP can help open your NAT type.

About Priya Nakamura

Priya is a telecommunications engineer and networking educator at RouterHax. With a background in ISP infrastructure and a Master's in Computer Networks, she explains complex networking concepts in plain English. Priya covers WiFi standards, protocols, IP addressing, and network architecture.